A．貿易
Foreign Trade 對外貿易
Entrepot Trade F。） 轉口貿易
Home （Domestic）Trade 內貿
Coastal Trade 沿海貿易
Cross-border Trade 邊境貿易
Barter Trade 易貨貿易
Compensation Trade 補償（互補）貿易
Bilateral trade （between China and the US） （中美）雙邊貿易
Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism ) 多邊貿易
Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company 貿易公司
Liner Trade 集裝箱班輪運輸
B．合同
Contract 合同
Active service contracts on file 在備有效服務合同
Sales Contract 銷售合同
Sales Confirmation 銷售確認書
Agreement 協議
Vessel sharing Agreement 共用艙位協議
Slot-sharing Agreement 共用箱位協議
Slot Exchange Agreement 箱位互換協議
Amendment 修正合同
Appendix 附錄
Quota 配額
C．服務合同
Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract between
a shipper （or a shippers association） and an ocean carrier
（or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitment
to provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenue
over a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier or
conference commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as well
as a defined service level （such as assured space，transit time，
port rotation or similar service features）。The contract may
also specify provisions in the event of non-performance on the
part of either party 服務合同
A service contract is a confidential contract between a VOCC and
1 or more shippers in which the shipper(s) make a cargo commitment,
and the carrier makes a rate and service commitment.
服務合同是一家有船承運人與一個和多個托運人簽訂的保密合同，
在合同中托運人對貨量作出承諾，承運人對運價和服務作出承諾。
Only a VOCC (or agreement of VOCCs) may enter into a service
contract as carrier.
只有有船承運人（有船承運人協議）可以作為承運人簽訂服務合同。
NVOCCs may enter into service contracts as shippers, but not as carrier.
無船承運人可以作為托運人來簽訂服務合同，但不可以作為承運人簽訂服務合同。
Allows a carrier to lawfully charge a negotiated, non-tariff rate.
允許承運人合法地收取已達成協議的，非運價本運價。
Allows parties to keep the negotiated rate confidential.
允許簽約方對已達成協議的運價保密。
Today, the vast majority of liner cargo in the U.S. trade moves under
confidential service contracts.
目前，絕大多數美國航線的班輪貨物通過保密的服務合同運輸。
Must be with qualified shipper(s).
必須與合格的托運人簽訂服務合同。
Must include shipper cargo commitment and carrier rate and service commitments.
必須包括托運人貨量承諾，承運人運價和服務承諾。
Must include shipper certification.
必須有托運人的身份證明。
Must be signed by the carrier and the shipper.
必須由承運人和托運人簽署。
Must be filed with the FMC.
必須向FMC登記
Electronic filing is permitted.
允許電子登記
Rates kept confidential - certain “essential terms” published.
運價保密 －一些“基本條款”公布
Service Contract Form
服務合同的格式
Term 1 = origin. 條款1 ＝ 啟運地
Term 2 = destination. 條款2 ＝目的地
Term 3 = a list of commodities. 條款3 ＝ 商品類別
Term 4 – MQC 條款4 ＝ 最低箱量
Term 5 = Service Commitments 條款5 ＝ 服務承諾
Term 6 = Rate Schedule 條款5 ＝ 費率表
Term 7 - Liquidated Damages Clause 條款7 = 清算損失條款
Term 8 – Contract Term 條款8 ＝ 合同期限
Term 9A = Legal names of contract parties. 條款9A = 合同方的法定名稱
Term 9B = Identity of contract signatories. 條款9B ＝ 簽字人的身份
Term 9C = Date the contract was signed. 條款9C ＝ 合同簽字日
shipper certification. 條款10 ＝ 托運人的身份
Term 11 = contract records. 條款11 ＝ 合同記錄
Term 12 = other provisions (including force 條款12 ＝ 其它條款（包括不可
majeure, cancellation, arbitration, and 抗拒力，終止，仲裁和
assignment clauses). 轉讓 條款）
Signature Block 簽字欄
The Shipper Party 托運方
Is the Shipper Party qualified? 托運方是否合格？
Must be cargo owner, NVOCC, or shipper’s 必須是貨主，無船承運人和托運人協會association.
Cannot be freight forwarder. 不可以是貨運代理人
Is the shipper party the party that will use 托運方是否為合同的使用方？
the contract?
Cannot be agent or affiliate of shipper party. 不可以是托運方的代理和附屬公司
Exception: Affiliate of BCO may be shipper 特殊情況：如果直接貨主的附屬
party if it will be responsible for the freight. 公司負責運費，其可以是托運方。
Must Use Full Legal Name 必須使用法定的全稱
The full legal name and business address 服務合同中必須顯示
of the shipper party must appear on the 托運方的法定全稱和營業(yè)地址。
service contract.
Should usually include a corporate identifier 通常必須包括公司的標志符
(Inc., Ltd., Co.). （Inc., Ltd., Co.）
Contract heading, Term 9, and signature 合同的標題，第9條款
block should match. 和簽字欄必須一致。
Affiliates 附屬公司
Shipper party may list affiliates entitled to use 托運方可以在合同第9條款中
the service contract in Section 9. 列入有權使用服務合同的附屬公司。
An affiliate is a person that controls, is 附屬公司是指擁有托運方，
controlled by, or is under common control 被托運方擁有或被同一公司擁有的實體。
with, the shipper party.
The full legal name and business address of 必須包括每一個附屬公司
each affiliate must be included. 的法定全稱和營業(yè)地址。
Trade names may also be indicated in 除法定全稱外，也可列入商號。
addition to the full legal name.
NVOCCs may not list affiliates. 無船承運人不可列入附屬公司。
When the Service Contract May be Used 何時可以使用服務合同？
A service contract may not be used until the 只有在SECAUCUS辦公室
Secaucus office notifies the agent that the 通知代理服務合同已經向FMC
service contract has been filed with the FMC. 登記后，服務合同才可以使用。
The Secaucus office will issue Daily Filing Notices. SECAUCUS辦公室將發(fā)出“每日登記通知”。
Enforcement of Service Contract Terms 服務合同條款的執(zhí)行
not to deviate from the service contract terms. 不可以偏離服務合同條款。
A contract may be amended to reduce MQC or 服務合同可進行修改減少
extend the contract term. 最低箱量或延長服務合同
If the MQC (as amended, if applicable) is not 如果最低貨量沒有完成，
satisfied, an invoice for liquidated damages 在合同到期后30天內
must be issued within 30 days of the end of 發(fā)出清算損失發(fā)票。
the service contract term.
Service Contract must be with qualified shipper. 服務合同必須與合格的托運人簽訂。
Shipper Party is person that will use the contract. 托運方為將會使用合同的人。
Full name (and trade name, if any) and address of 條款9中必須顯示托運方和
shipper party and any affiliates entitled to use the 任何有權使用合同的附屬公司的
contract must appear in Term 9. 全稱（和商號，如果有）和營業(yè)地址。
If contract is with Shipper’s Association, Members 如果與托運人協會簽訂合同，
entitled to use the contract must be listed. 合同中必須列入有權使用合同的成員公司。
All parties entitled to use contract must certify status. 所有有權使用合同的各方必須證明其身份。
Contract may not be used until filed with the FMC. 在沒有向FMC登記前，合同不可以使用。
Only shipper party and named affiliates (or listed 只有托運方和指名的附屬公司
members if SA) may use the contract. （或列入的托運人協會的成員公司）
可以使用合同。
D．條款
Contract Terms （and conditions ） 合同條款
Article 條
Section 節(jié)/項
Item 款
Stipulation 規(guī)定
Essential terms 必備（主要）條款
Revision 修改
Alteration 更改
Contract Signatory 合同簽署方（人）
Merchant 簽約方
Head-Contractor 總承包商
Sub-Contractor 分包商
Parties to the contract 合同（協議簽約）有關各方
E. 買賣方、中介
Manufacturer 制造（廠）商
Buyer 買方
Seller 賣方
Broker 中間人/ 掮客（跑街先生）
Middle-man 中間人（商）
OTI 遠洋運輸中介公司
NVO (NVOCC) Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier 無船承運人
NVOCC Services may include but are not limited to： 無船承運人提供的服務包括但不局限于：
1） purchasing transportation services from a VOCC and offering 向船舶承運人購買再向
such services for resale to other persons 他人轉售運輸服務
2） payment of port to port or multi-modal transportation charges 支付港到港或全程
多式聯運費用
3） entering into affreightment agreements with underlying shippers 與大貨主簽訂運輸合同
4） issuing bills of lading or equivalent documents 簽發(fā)提單或相同效用 單證
5） arranging for inland transportation and paying for inland freight 安排內陸運輸，從全程
charges on through transportation movements 運費中支付內陸運費
6） paying lawful compensation to ocean freight forwarders 向貨代支付合理傭金
7） leasing containers 負責租用（集裝箱）貨柜
8） entering into arrangements with origin or destination agents 與始發(fā)地、目的地代理簽
訂合作協議，落實運作
Any person operating in the US as an NVOCC shall furnish evidence 在美國經營無船承運人
of financial responsibility in the amount of USD 75000 必需提供保證金75000美元
Ocean Freight Broker 遠洋攬貨代理（ 船東訂艙／營銷代理 ）
